Turtle graphics is a popular way to introduce programming concepts to beginners. It provides an interactive way to create drawings and animations using a set of commands. The turtle module in Python is a great tool for exploring and experimenting with turtle graphics.
In this article, we will explain turtle graphics in Python with examples and simple language.
1. Introduction to Turtle Graphics
Turtle graphics is a type of vector graphics that was introduced by Seymour Papert in the late 1960s as part of his work on the Logo programming language. The basic idea behind turtle graphics is that you have a turtle that you can control using a set of commands. The turtle can move forward, backward, turn left or right, and change its appearance.
In Python, the turtle module provides a set of classes and functions that allow you to create and manipulate turtles. The most important class in the turtle module is the Turtle class, which represents a turtle object. You can create a turtle object by typing the following command:
pythonimport turtle t = turtle.Turtle()
This will create a turtle object that you can use to draw on the screen. The turtle object has a number of methods that you can use to move the turtle, change its direction, and change its appearance.
2. Moving the Turtle
To move the turtle, you can use the forward() and backward() methods. The forward() method moves the turtle forward in the direction it is facing, while the backward() method moves the turtle backward.
For example, the following code moves the turtle forward by 100 pixels and then backward by 50 pixels:
pythonimport turtle t = turtle.Turtle() t.forward(100) t.backward(50)
3. Turning the Turtle
To turn the turtle, you can use the left() and right() methods. The left() method turns the turtle to the left, while the right() method turns the turtle to the right.
For example, the following code turns the turtle to the left by 90 degrees and then to the right by 45 degrees:
pythonimport turtle t = turtle.Turtle() t.left(90) t.right(45)
4. Changing the Appearance of the Turtle
You can change the appearance of the turtle by using the color() method to change its color and the pensize() method to change the width of its pen.
For example, the following code changes the color of the turtle to red and sets the width of its pen to 3 pixels:
pythonimport turtle t = turtle.Turtle() t.color('red') t.pensize(3)
5. To stop graphical output screen in Python Turtle
To stop graphical output screen in Python Turtle, you can use the turtle.bye() function. This function will close the graphics window and terminate the program. Here's an example
You can also use the turtle.exitonclick() function, which will close the graphics window when you click on it with the mouse. This function will wait for a mouse click before closing the window and terminating the program. Here's an example:
These functions will work in most cases, but if you are using a more complex program with multiple windows, you may need to use more advanced techniques to stop the graphical output. In such cases, you may need to refer to the documentation for the turtle module to find the appropriate function or method to stop the graphical output.
Read this -> Detailed tutorial on how to use the turtle module in Python, along with explanations of the keywords used
6. Drawing Shapes with the Turtle
You can use the turtle to draw shapes by combining the commands we have covered so far. For example, the following code draws a square:
pythonimport turtle t = turtle.Turtle() for i in range(4): t.forward(100) t.left(90)
In this code, we use a for loop to repeat the commands four times. Inside the loop, we move the turtle forward by 100 pixels and then turn it to the left by 90 degrees.
Output:-
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7. Conclusion
Turtle graphics is a great way to learn programming concepts in a fun and interactive way. With the turtle module in Python, you can create and manipulate turtles to create drawings and animations. In this article, we have covered the basics of turtle graphics, including moving the turtle, turning the turtle, changing its appearance, and drawing shapes with the turtle.
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